ABSTRACT
A significant level of yield losses in the vegetable and fruit farms are attributed to the weed populations of the area. This study was conducted for eighteen months during 2019-2020 to assess the presence of various weed families, related species, and their densities in the vegetable (CROP A) and fruit (CROP B) farms of Taif, Saudi Arabia. During the study, fourteen and ten weed families were noted in the vegetable and fruit farms of the studied area, respectively. Poaceae family weeds (729) were significantly higher in numbers followed by the families Asteraceae (414), Chenopodiaceae (338), and Gisekiaceae (153). In the vegetable farms, two weed species of the family Poaceae including Setaria viridis (437) and Eleusine indica ssp (277) were present in the higher numbers followed by Chenopodium murale (166) of the Chenopodiaceae family. In the fruit farms, the weed species Cynodon dactylon of the family Poaceae represented the highest weed density (172) followed by Gisekia pharnaceoides L. species (153) of family Gisekiaceae and Portulaca oleracea (59) belonging to the family Portulacaceae. The vegetable and fruit farms of the Taif region face severe weed pressure that affects the cultivated crops. This study depicts a comprehensive picture of weed diversity and density in the vegetable and fruit farms of the area. The results of this study will be beneficial in developing effective weed management practices for better crop production.
Um nível significativo de perdas de rendimento nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas é atribuído às populações de ervas daninhas da área. Este estudo foi conduzido por dezoito meses durante 2019-2020 para avaliar a presença de várias famílias de ervas daninhas, espécies relacionadas e suas densidades nas fazendas de vegetais (CROP A) e frutas (CROP B) de Taif, Arábia Saudita. Durante o estudo, catorze e dez famílias de plantas daninhas foram observadas nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da área estudada, respectivamente. As plantas daninhas da família Poaceae (729) foram significativamente maiores em número, seguidas pelas famílias Asteraceae (414), Chenopodiaceae (338) e Gisekiaceae (153). Nas hortas, duas espécies de plantas daninhas da família Poaceae, incluindo Setaria viridis (437) e Eleusine indica ssp (277), estavam presentes em maior número, seguidas por Chenopodium murale (166) da família Chenopodiaceae. Nas fruticulturas, a espécie de plantas daninhas Cynodon dactylon da família Poaceae representou a maior densidade de plantas daninhas (172) seguida das espécies Gisekia pharnaceoides L. (153) da família Gisekiaceae e Portulaca oleracea (59) pertencentes à família Portulacaceae. As fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da região de Taif enfrentam uma forte pressão de ervas daninhas que afeta as culturas cultivadas. Este estudo apresenta um quadro abrangente da diversidade e densidade de plantas daninhas nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da região. Os resultados deste estudo serão benéficos no desenvolvimento de práticas eficazes de manejo de plantas daninhas para uma melhor produção das culturas.
Subject(s)
Vegetables/growth & development , Plant Weeds/growth & development , Farms , Fruit/growth & development , Saudi ArabiaABSTRACT
Abstract A significant level of yield losses in the vegetable and fruit farms are attributed to the weed populations of the area. This study was conducted for eighteen months during 2019-2020 to assess the presence of various weed families, related species, and their densities in the vegetable (CROP A) and fruit (CROP B) farms of Taif, Saudi Arabia. During the study, fourteen and ten weed families were noted in the vegetable and fruit farms of the studied area, respectively. Poaceae family weeds (729) were significantly higher in numbers followed by the families Asteraceae (414), Chenopodiaceae (338), and Gisekiaceae (153). In the vegetable farms, two weed species of the family Poaceae including Setaria viridis (437) and Eleusine indica ssp (277) were present in the higher numbers followed by Chenopodium murale (166) of the Chenopodiaceae family. In the fruit farms, the weed species Cynodon dactylon of the family Poaceae represented the highest weed density (172) followed by Gisekia pharnaceoides L. species (153) of family Gisekiaceae and Portulaca oleracea (59) belonging to the family Portulacaceae. The vegetable and fruit farms of the Taif region face severe weed pressure that affects the cultivated crops. This study depicts a comprehensive picture of weed diversity and density in the vegetable and fruit farms of the area. The results of this study will be beneficial in developing effective weed management practices for better crop production.
Resumo Um nível significativo de perdas de rendimento nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas é atribuído às populações de ervas daninhas da área. Este estudo foi conduzido por dezoito meses durante 2019-2020 para avaliar a presença de várias famílias de ervas daninhas, espécies relacionadas e suas densidades nas fazendas de vegetais (CROP A) e frutas (CROP B) de Taif, Arábia Saudita. Durante o estudo, catorze e dez famílias de plantas daninhas foram observadas nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da área estudada, respectivamente. As plantas daninhas da família Poaceae (729) foram significativamente maiores em número, seguidas pelas famílias Asteraceae (414), Chenopodiaceae (338) e Gisekiaceae (153). Nas hortas, duas espécies de plantas daninhas da família Poaceae, incluindo Setaria viridis (437) e Eleusine indica ssp (277), estavam presentes em maior número, seguidas por Chenopodium murale (166) da família Chenopodiaceae. Nas fruticulturas, a espécie de plantas daninhas Cynodon dactylon da família Poaceae representou a maior densidade de plantas daninhas (172) seguida das espécies Gisekia pharnaceoides L. (153) da família Gisekiaceae e Portulaca oleracea (59) pertencentes à família Portulacaceae. As fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da região de Taif enfrentam uma forte pressão de ervas daninhas que afeta as culturas cultivadas. Este estudo apresenta um quadro abrangente da diversidade e densidade de plantas daninhas nas fazendas de hortaliças e frutas da região. Os resultados deste estudo serão benéficos no desenvolvimento de práticas eficazes de manejo de plantas daninhas para uma melhor produção das culturas.
ABSTRACT
This research was carried out in the College of Medicine at the University of Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It included arandom sample of medical students in 4th, 5th and 6th years (males and females). Data were collected using a semistructured, self-administered questionnaire, including comprehensive, anonymous demographic and socioeconomic data,lifestyle factors, health related quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, other health-related data, socialsupport, as assessed using the Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), student’s academic motivation,using self-efficacy and active learning strategies scales from MSPSS questionnaire an the past year grade point average(GPA). The results showed that their GPA ranged between 1.30 and 3.90 out of 4 with a mean of 3.04 and SD of 0.52. It wasabnormally distributed as evidenced by significant Shapiro-Wilk test, p<0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis revealedthat, after control for confounding, only gender of the students (females), non-smokers, membership in charity association,having higher score of psychological domain of quality of life, better overall QOL, and higher learning strategies score weresignificantly associated with GPA score and they are responsible for 21.5% variability of the score (r-square=0.215). Fromthe results it could be concluded that Academic performance of senior medical students in Taif University, manifested byGPA score is influenced by many factors (multi-factorial) that are responsible for only 21.5% of variability in grade pointaverage (GPA).
ABSTRACT
Microflora (Cyanobacteria, Algae and Fungi) associated with the freshwater leech namely, Limnatis niloticawere observed for this particular study. The number of catch leeches was higher at Saiysad fresh water bodies (5-28 taxa) than that of Gahdeer Albannat water (1 taxon) throughout the wet season. The Saiysad water contains low oxygen and is highly polluted in comparison to other water bodies. The green algae and diatoms constitute the main bulk of the phytoplankton population of the following two water bodies. Though cyanobacteria in this particular water body of Saiyasad fresh water are much higher in respect to the others, so as the number of leeches are also higherin it respectively. Twenty-one fungal species those are representing 10 genera were collected from the Leech samples (jaws, pharynx and intestine) on the culture media of Potato Dextrose Agar. After th isolation of fungus were done from its carried devices Then also the phytoplanktons show a rapid growth in the respective medium.
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and treatment of enuresis among primary-school children living in Taif city, KSA. Methods: An interview with parents of 2701 selected students at the annual school enrolment in summer 2012. Results: The frequency of nocturnal enuresis was 7.81 %. There were no significant between boys (7.33%) and girls (8.42%). Treatment methods used were: enuresis alarm, water restriction, medication, and awaking for voiding in 56.9%, 14.7%, 5.7% and 5.7% of cases respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of nocturnal enuresis is similar to other studies but treatment methods were different.
ABSTRACT
Background: Patient education programme for cardiac patients is an essential part of quality medical care today. For the diagnosis and therapeutic regimen to be beneficial, patients must be informed about their own health and motivated to share the responsibility. Aims & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for myocardial infarction in Taif region, Saudi Arabia kingdom and establish a modification in the life style to decrease the incidence of cardiac diseases. Material and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental hospital at Taif. Thirty nine subjects admitted to Emergency department during the study period with their first episode of Acute Myocardial Infarction participated in this study. Results: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. They were 31 (79.5%) males and 8 (20.5%) females, the majority of patients (46.2%) under the scope of this study was above the age of 50 years, 87.2% of them was married and 12.8% was divorced. the main risk factors that affect the patients in Taif region, KSA were the presence of hypertension (59%) , diabetes (35.9%), consuming a highly deep fried food (76.9%) , lack of regular exercise (89.7%) and nervous mode (79.5%). the mean knowledge score of patients recruited in this study was either low (51%) or medium score (29%), and little percentage was either high (14%) or very high (6%) knowledge score. Conclusion: It is recommended to encourage health care providers especially nurses and physicians to teach their patients about disease process, risk factors, and preventive measures during providing either medical or nursing care.
ABSTRACT
Recently, the residues or by-products of agriculture industry take attention for their valuable source of natural antioxidants. Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck) is considered one of the most important economic products of Taif, Saudi Arabia. In this study, the antioxidant and total phenolic contents of the defatted flowers of fresh Taif rose were investigated. The antioxidant activity was chemically determined using three methods; 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdenum method and reducing power activity. The methanol extract showed antiradical activity with SC50=49.44 g/ml. Different fractions obtained from successive fractionation of the methanol extract with organic solvents of different polarities; chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH); showed that, the EtOAc fraction had higher antiradical activity than n-BuOH fraction, and their respective SC50 were 15.62 and 36.29 g/ml. On the other hand, CHCl3 fraction had a poor antiradical activity (SC50>100 g/ml). The total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and RPHPLC analysis of the methanol extract and its EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions were determined. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols that correlated with the antioxidant activity. From this work, it is obvious that the by-product from concrete oil production of Taif rose could be used as a good inexpensive source of antioxidant polyphenolics.